What are uterine fibroids?
Most simply explained, uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that are commonly found in women of childbearing age, between 12 and 51. Dr. April Milan Miller at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Obstetrics and Gynecology Shepherd emphasizes that the presence of uterine fibroids is not immediate cause for concern, as they are not tumors and most women who have them can live normal lives with little to no impact.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Many women with uterine fibroids are asymptomatic, meaning they experience no symptoms and may not even know they have fibroids. However, for those who do have symptoms, they can include heavy periods, painful periods, lower back pain, pain during intercourse, bloating, and frequent and/or urgent urination.
"If the symptoms you're having, whether that be pain, excess bleeding or anything disturbing your daily life, I recommend scheduling an appointment with your OB/GYN to be evaluated," says Miller.
It’s important to share any concerns with your provider, as fibroids are not screened for during annual exams unless there are specific symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic exam and ultrasound to determine the size and location of the fibroids.
Impact of uterine fibroids on fertility
Uterine fibroids can also have a significant impact on fertility, depending on their size, number and location. Miller explains that fibroids can interfere with implantation, block the fallopian tubes and cause complications during pregnancy. Submucosal fibroids, which grow inside the uterine cavity, are particularly problematic as they can distort the shape of the uterine cavity and make it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant.
These fibroids in certain locations can also block egg and sperm from meeting. However, fibroids are one of many things that can impact fertility so Miller emphasizes the importance of speaking with a healthcare professional to determine if fibroids may be impacting fertility.
Treatment options
For women experiencing symptoms, there are several treatment options available, including hormonal pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs) and fibroid embolization.
Surgical options are also available for more severe cases. These include myomectomy, which involves removing the fibroids while leaving the uterus intact, and hysterectomy, which involves removing the uterus and cervix. But it is important to tailor treatment to the patient's specific symptoms and needs. For example, if a woman still wishes to have children, a hysterectomy would not be a great choice; however, alternative treatment options can still help manage symptoms.
"If you can't work or go to school or do your daily activities, if you can't play with your kids, things that are important to you, then come see us," Miller says. "I always tell my patients - you know your body better than anyone, so you tell me how you're feeling and things that you're comfortable or uncomfortable with."
Learn more about Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist’s individualized women’s care or find an OB/GYN near you.